AP World Traditions and Encounters Outline

chapters / major topics	subtopics	concepts	particulars
34. WORLD WAR I
the drift toward war
	nationalist aspirations
		national movements
			self determination
			greece, serbia breakaway
			serbian black hand
			bosnians anti-austria
			pan-slavism under russia
	imperial rivalries
		naval race
			dreadnaughts
			british-german industry
		colonial disputes
			great game: persia, afghan
			gb and fr in siam
			gb and ger in sw africa
			fr and ger in west africa
			german place in the sun
		balkan wars
			bul, gr, mnt, serb, rom
			battle for euro ottoman land
			powder keg established
		public opinion
			nation must outshine others
			race to south pole
			news, books, best in euro
	the alliance system
		central powers
			dual to triple alliance
			ger, aust-hun, italy
		the allies
			france sore over 1870
			unlikely alliance gb, fr, rus
		war plans
			france plan XVII- attack!
			ger- schleiffen plan
global war
	the guns of august
		public perceptions
			euphoria, flowers, parades
			we'll be back by christmas
		declarations of war
			austria mobilizes vs. serbia
			rus mobalizes vs. aus, ger
			ger declares war on rus
			ger declares war on fr
			ger violates belgian neutral
			gb delcares war on ger
	mutual butchery
		sentiments
			gott mit uns, god king, con
		western front
			german stopped at marne
			three year stationary line
			trench warfare
			italy switches, gb promise
		no man's land
			dead land btw. trenches
			continuous machine guns
			rats, lice, body parts
			loss of war glory, nobility
		stalemate, new weapons
			mustard gas hated
			tanks, airplanes, zeppelins
			diesel powered submarines
		eastern front
			russians attack east prus.
			germ. overrun pl, ua
			rus revolutionary formet
		bloodletting
			verdun, somme, ypres
		new rules of engagement
			civilians targets of war
			zeppelin bomb on paris
			navies blockade food
			gb bloc: 500k germ starve
	total war: home front
		moltke
			future wars will be total
			whole nat. strength broken
		home front
			mobilizing nat. resources
			limit individual freedom
			power to war leaders
			discipline on labor process
			laissez-faire out the door
			unemployment vanishes
		women at war
			women do male jobs
			factories, armaments
			nurses, physicians
			made shells for bullets
			died from tnt explosives
		propaganda
			villification of the enemy
			trial of 'peacenik' caillaux
			subhuman scientific studies
			russians 'barbarians'
			germans 'huns'
			germans 'cannibals'
	conflict in asia
		jpan enters
			jp- ger cn prov. demand
			german refusal- jp in
		21 demands
			jp imp. demands to china
			note leaked to britain
			jp accepts some not all
	africa and middle east
		colonial africa
			ger togoland falls to gb/fr
			euros die by trop. disease
		gallipoli
			churchill orders strike
			huge death, allied loss
			anzac day homage in au
		armenian genocide
			armenians last nonmuslims
			goal 2m dead, got 1m
			forced evacs to desert
		ottoman empire
			after gallipoli, all downhill
			allenby in jerusalem
			lawrence of arabia
end of the war
	the russian revolution
		march revolution
			bread, land, peace
			nicholas II resigns
		struggle for power
			provisional government
			soviets 'workers councils'
			granting of rights to all
			did not take rus out of war
		lenin
			read marx but disagreed
			workers needed party
			lenin on train to petrograd
			becomes lead bolschevik
			"transfer power to soviets"
		October revolution
			b'viks take p'grad soviet
			prov. gov. no food, peace
			storm winter palace
			power transfer to soviet
			would destroy trad. russia
		treaty of brest-litovsk
			huge gain for germany
			all poland, west ukraine
	central powers collapse
		usa enters war
			american public against it
			wilson nonintervention
		economic considerations
			us profited by selling to gb
			gb, fr got us bank loans
		submarine war
			allied shipping at risk
			germans sink lusitania
		political ideals
			world 'safe for democracy'
			freedom of commerce
			zimmerman telegram
		collapsing fronts
			irish easter rebellion
			german food riots
			kiel sailors revolt crushed
			french soldiers refuse fight
			400 executions treason
			german advance 1918
			allies break through
			bul, otto, aus surrender
			g exhausts means for war
			armistice day 11/11/18
	after the war
		toll
			15m dead, 20m maimed
		influenza pandemic
			mysterious origin, exit
			20m dead, nature still kills
			there was no cure
		paris peace conference
			allies dictate terms
			british blockade remained
		wilson's 14 points
			open agreements, trade ok
			reduce arms, league of nat.
		treaty of versailles
			france assigns guilt to ger
			micro military for ger
			central powers pay for war
			no more severe than brest
		austria hungary dissolves
			austria loses- st. germain
			bulgaria loses- neuilly
			hungary loses- trianon
		ottoman emp. desolves
			ottomans lose- sevres
		republic of turkey
			kemal takes charge
			recognized- lausanne
		ataturk
			kemal- father of the turks
			separation mosque/state
			westernization of turkey
			modernizatin of turkey
		league of nations
			collective security
			no power of enforcement
			usa did not belong
			ger / jp suspicious, leave
			italy leaves 1937
			pattern for UN later
		self-determination
			poland, czechoslovakia
			yugoslavia, 'new' nations
			minorities problems in all
		mandate system
			only europe got self-det
			usa rejected colonies idea
			so mideast got mandate
			'tutelage of peoples'
			arabs states war promise
			mandates btw. self/imp.
	challenges to europe
		weakened europe
			us owed eu, now reverse
			non-whites saw whites die
			moral superiority gone
36. AGE OF ANXIETY
probing cultural frontiers
	postwar pessimism
		lost generation
			disillusioned art, literature
			hemmingway: farewell
			remarque: all quiet
			spengler: decline of west
			toynbee: study of history
		religious uncertainty
			barth: no idea of progress
			berdiaev: man is a failure
		attacks on progress
			democracy fallen idol
			masses elect demogagues
			gasset: revolt of masses
	physics and psychology
		einstein theory relativity
			no single framework of uni
			space, time not absolutes
			depend on motion of judge
			no one way to see uni
			commonsense uni gone
		heisenberg's uncertainty
			can't pinpoint subatomics
			act of observing changes it
			exact can only be probable
		principle beyond physics
			perhaps nothing absolute
			est. truth is victim of hup
			objectivity no longer valid
			observer in the process
		freud psychoanalysis
			human psyche not fixed
			unconscious neurotic
			repressive mechanism
			free association, dreams
			artists focus on inner world
	experiments in the arts
		modern painting
			how should it be painted?
			realism stinks, express you!
			canvas not mirror of reality
			canvas should create reality
		schools of art
			expressionists, fauves
			cubists, abstractionists
			dadaists, surrealists
			beauty expressed in shape
			feeling, emotion, distortion
			tap unconscious mind
		artistic influences
			gauguin flees rationality
			primitive art better
			civilized art meaningless
			artists right to own reality
			'good', 'bad', disappeared
		bauhaus
			suited for industrial scape
			gropius, von der rohe
			functionalism, skyscrapers
		le corbusier
			large apartment buildings
			nehru's commission: india
			cold, impersonal giant box
global depression
	the great depression
		economic problems
			US$-->ger-->gb/fr-->US
			syn rubber bad for tropics
			oil undermines coal ind
			agro overproduced, low $
			wheat at 400 year low
		crash of 1929
			buying stocks on margin
			3% down, borrow rest
			black Thursday, 24 oct
		economic contraction
			consumers no money
			demand gone, bankruptcy
			1929-32 industry at 1/2
			ger, jp exports dead
		economic nationalism
			tariff barrier, import quotas
			goal: higher self sufficiency
			smoot-hawley tariff
	government action
		sex roles
			women out of workforce
			male unemployment less
		personal suffering
			loss of job, savings, home
			food, shelter, clothes sad
			breadlines, tent cities
			poor disdained wealthy
			students found no jobs
			steinbeck: grapes of wrath
	economic experimentation
		keynesian economics
			problem is low demand
			G stimulates econ with $
			public works projects
			redistribute $ by taxes
		the new deal
			save banks, jobs, subsidies
			min wage, unions, soc sec
			war did more than deal
challenges to liberal order
	communism in russia
		civil war
			moscow lenin's capital
			red terror arrests whites
			deposed czar executed
			'no link to past,' symbol
			10m dead reds win
		war communism
			nullify private property
			nationalize industry, banks
			poor peasants kept homes
			G seized food for cities
			ind 1/10 output, agri 1/2
		new economic policy
			lenin engages nep to help
			>20 workers = private
			technical schools founded
		josef stalin
			politburo party command
			socialism in one country
			stalin takes charge
		first five year plan
			rapid econ development
			heavy industry favored
			consumer goods neglected
			'we are 50 years behind'
		collectivized agriculture
			private land joined
			industrial workers must eat
			kulaks (5%) harsh quotas
			peasants burn crops
			3m peasants dead
		propaganda
			unrealistic 5 year goals
			success proclaimed after 4
			'looked' better than usa
			western ways questioned
		great purge
			'congress of victims'
			1/2 high party officials tried
			kangaroo courts
			8m sent to siberian gulags
	fascist alternative
		defining fascism
			reaction against democracy
			fasces = roman symbol
			ultranationalism
			unique racial-ethnic group
			ethnocentrism, militarism
			borders are artificial
			union w/ volk on other side
			public life is militaristic
	italian fascism
		benito mussolini
			socialist newsman: avanti!
			fascist party wins seats
			blackshirt armed thugs
			march on rome 1922
			king asks M to be PM
			path to one party state
			il duce takes power 1926
			world turn: rome-berlin axis
			pact of steel italy-germany
	german national socialism
		hitler and nazi party
			national socialism = nazi
			wiemar republic
			hitler 'path of legality'
			...then discard democracy
			use demo to destroy it
		nazi sympathizers
			people angry at versailles
			alienated from society
			frightened by communism
			ruined by hyperinflation
			tired of political infighting
			believed hitler's promises
			believed racial doctrines
			saw jews as rich bankers
		consolidation of power
			pres. hindenberg weak
			nazis legislative majority
			hitler become chancellor
			republic to one party rule
		changes in society
			nazis purge police, all civil
			military purged, expanded
			strikes, unions prohibited
			judiciary purged, corprate
		the racial state
			racist ideology engaged
			biological outsiders suspect
			aryan blood is superior
		women and racism
			tax credits for childbirth
			pro-aryan life no abortion
			motherhood awards
			"rabbit decoration" failed
			birthrate below 2
		nazi eugenics
			sterilize alcoholic, schizo
			sterilize handicapped
			200k 'useless' euthanized
		anti-semitism
			prejudice against jews
			nazi hallmark philosophy
			ultimate scapegoats
			nuremberg laws enacted
			kristallnacht 1938
			250k leave germany
37. ASIA, AFRICA
asian paths to autonomy
	india's home rule quest
		indian national congress
			indians linked by british rr
			idea of unity spreads
			british trained intelligentsia
			collabrated before war
			opposed british after
			14 pts. / lenin's works read
		mohandas k. gandhi
			married at 13, move to ZA
			indian community organizer
			ahimsa = tolerance, non v
			satyagraha = passive resist
			mahatma gandhi-great soul
			leads indian nat congress
			civil disobedience, boycott
		the india act
			india self-governing now
			hindu-muslim tension
			no cooperation poltically
		pakistan
			mohammad ali jinnah
			'land of the pure'
	china's search for order
		the republic
			puyi forced to abdicate
			sun yatsen proclaims rep.
			warlords now governors
		chinese nationalism
			youths look to west reform
			communist alternative
		sun yatsen
			nationalist leader
			nation-econ-xenophobia
			guomindang nationalist pty
		civil war
			chiang kai-shek leads guo
			guo turns on communists
			china escapes depression
			not connected world econ
			communist long march 6k
			inspired many to join
			mao zedong emerges
	imperial jpan
		rise to imperial power
			joins league, signs kellogg
			depression strikes industry
			china becomes inviting
			manchurian rr system
		mukden incident
			explosives used on rr
			pretext for jp invasion
			manchukuo established
			guomindang calls league
			jp leaves league!
africa under domination
	africa and the great war
		colonial effect
			all aligned with empire
			german col. admin. vs. all
			gb, fr, it, pt, bel vs. ger
		war in africa
			africans encouraged to kill
			whites previously unkillable
			morally unthinkable
			150k africans died in war
			euros recalled, thinned out
			pan-islamic movement
			anti brit egypt jihad by turk
			kenya mumbo antichrist cult
	colonial economy
		depression
			trade vol. cut by half
			colonial euro co's suffer
		infrastructure
			ports, roads, rr, telegraph
			helped euro colon trade
			admin, schools, civilization
		labor practices
			cocoa, rubber, oils
			best land reserved for euro
			kikuyu coffee
			congo rr 20k die by french
			'steal land, steal limbs'
	african nationalism
		africa's new elite
			euro educated class
			jomo kenyatta
			speak, act european
			harbor african nationhood
	forms of nationalism
		'africa for african race'
			all europeans should go
		usa black identity
			web dubois pan-africanism
		afro-caribbean blacks
			marcus garvey black pride
			let's go back to africa
		geographic nation concept
			build nation inside borders
			colonial independence
latin am. neocolonialism
	great war, depression
		political reorientation
			liberalism had competition
			marxism from soviets
			usa & capitalism unpopular
		university protests
			anti-imperialist courses
			marxist courses, demos
			castro will learn here
		political parties
			peru marxist party
			socialist organizations
		diego rivera
			socialist artistic visions
			vast murals for masses
			'imperialism' painting on us
			pre-columbian traditions
			taught in moscow, detroit
		economic imperialism
			taft - dollar diplomacy
			depression hurt exports
	good neighbor conflicts
		good neighbor policy
			marines train locals
			haiti, nicaragua
			guarda nacional- nicaragua
		cardenas' mexico
			pres nationalizes mex oil
			us, gb interestes wiped out
			roosevelt cor. renounced
		cultural exchanges
			ww1 - mexicans migrate
			deported in depression
			carmen miranda- chiquita
			soften image of latin am.
37. WORLD WAR II
origins of world war 2
	jpan's war in china
		revisionist powers move
			conquest of manchuria
			marco polo bridge battle
			undeclared war- beijing fall
		rape of nanjing
			city subjected to starvation
			bombing runs on city
			soldiers rape 7k women
			jp racial superiority
			400k civilians murdered
			bayonet practice, targets
		chinese resistance
			nat, com 'united front'
			1.7m chinese fight 750k jp
			guo gov move to chongqing
			coms use guerilla tactics
			coms poised to rule at end
	european revisionism
		italian aggression
			italy takes ethiopia, libya
			league of nations balked
			italy used all modern tools
			poison gas, tanks, air raids
			ethiopia totally unprepared
			world very much against
		german aggression
			euros sympathized w/ ger
			versailles treaty unfair
			hitler blamed jews, coms
			remilitarization begins
			versailles repealed in steps
			rhineland militarized
			luftwaffe in spanish war
			anchluss union w/ austria
			league of nations balks
			sudetenland taken
		peace for our time
			munich conference
			policy of appeasement
			promises for nonaction
			czechoslovakia taken
			appeasement moral failure
			nazi-soviet nonaggression
			secret protocol for ece
total war
	blitzkrieg over europe
		blitzkrieg on poland
			devastating surprise attack
			luftwaffe destroys airforce
			panzer armored assault
			lightning war victory 1 mth.
		'sitzkrieg' in the west
			gb, fr declare war, arm
			winter passes
			u-boats in north atlantic
		fall of france
			denmark falls
			norway falls
			benelux falls
			france falls under 1 month
		battle of britain
			miracle of dunkirk
			luftwaffe blitz on london
			hitler abandons britain
	germany attacks ussr
		lebensraum living space
			eastern euro lebensraum
			slavs, jews can be killed
		operation barbarossa
			largest armed force ever
			3.6m sol, 3.7k tnk 2.5k pl
			stalin caught by surprise
			huge german advance
			fin, hun, rom war on ussr
			siege of leningrad
			ger at gates of moscow
			victory seems assured
			blitzkrieg falters in huge rus
			underestimation of power
			people rise: 360-150 div.
			industry moved to urals
			winter and 100k frostbite
			200k amputations
			ussr 13m usa winter boots
			massive sov counterattack
			spring german offensive
			nazi move to oil fields
			stalingrad battle- tide turns
	battle in asia and pacific
		lend-lease act
			usa lends war material
			they lease usa mil. bases
		jpanese aggression
			jp seeks se asia resources
			dutch east ind, brit malaya
			fr falls, jp takes indochina
			usa freeze jp assets, oil
			usa demands jp withdraw
			jp favors war with usa
			pearl harbor how to win
			us navy devastated 12/7/41
		hitler confidence in jpan
			they've not lost in 3k years
		churchill confidence in usa
			so, we've won after all
		jpanese victories
			jp takes massive territories
			philippines, guam, wake
			midway, hong kong, siam
			surrender of singapore
			malaya, borneo, burma
			dutch east indies, aleutians
			eyes on australia, nz
			'asia for asians'
			e. asia coprosperity sphere
	defeat of axis powers
		the arsenal of democracy
			huge american production
			4m war vehicles made
			detroit: 1 plane a minute
		victory in europe
			red army pushes ger out
			invasion of the reich
			6m ger. casualties
			d-day in west
			round-the-clock bombing
			firebombing of dresden
			hitler commits suicide
			red flag over reichstag
			germany surrenders
		victory in pacific
			us carriers survived pearl
			midway magic turns tide
			island hopping strategy
		iwo jima, okinawa
			savage fighting us amphibs
			2k kamikaze attacks
			110k okinawans die
		jpanese surrender
			saipan gives bomb chance
			napalm firebomb tokyo
			atomic bomb hiroshima
			vj day 8/8/45
life during wartime
	axis occupations
		exploitation
			pl, ussr, cn slave labor
			horrific conditions
		collaboration
			fr, bl, dan, dut ss divisions
			only poland had none
			guomindangs defect to jp
			quislings
		resistance
			sabotage, intel, guerrillas
			operation valkryie fails
		atrocities
			heydrich killed by czechs
			entire czech village killed
			hanaoka chinese beatings
	the holocaust
		genocide of euro jews
			jews lived for centuries
			vilification, persecution
			emigration fails
			madagascar idea fails
		the final solution
			ghettos established
			einsatzgruppen squads
			mass shootings, gas vans
			wannsee conference
			deportation to camps
			many die in freight cars
			auschwitz kills 1m jews
			gassing, crematoriums
		jewish resistance
			starvation, disease, injury
			ghetto uprisings- warsaw
			6m jews die in holocaust
	women and the war
		women resist
			less subject to searches
			sabotage, resistance work
		women's roles
			drivers, pilots, 'waves'
			500k gb, 350k us join
		comfort women
			jp prostitutes 14-20 yr old
			sex with 20-30 men / day
			taken from colonies
neither peace nor war
	postwar settlements
		origins of cold war
			usa / ussr divide world
			grand alliance fades
		yalta and potsdam
			naughty document
			boundaries of poland
			stalin bullies allies
			soviets install puppet gov't
			soviets take eastern bloc
		territorial divisions
			germany divided
			iron curtain rises
			truman doctrine: contain
	reconstruction
		marshall plan
			rebuild euro economies
			given to allies and axis
			rejected by east bloc
		comecon
			soviet aid to east bloc
		nato and warsaw pact
			collective defense
			preservation of way of life
			idealism, also self interest
			un established
38. BIPOLAR WORLD
formation of bipolarity
	cold war begins
		divided germany
			berlin blockade, airlift
			east, west germany born
		berlin wall
			west berlin an island
			guards shoot to kill
			symbol of oppression
		nuclear arms race
			usa, ussr huge buildup
			essential equivalence
			mutually assured destruct
		korean war
			syngman rhee / kim il sung
			north surprise, seoul taken
			usa risky incheon move
			us offensive to 38th par.
			china warns usa, deaf ears
			cn, nk vs. sk, us 3m dead
		containment globalizes
			'commies conquer world'
			domino theory
		cuba: nuclear flashpoint
			castro overthrows batista
			castro denounces us imp
			cuba hug of soviet arms
		bay of pigs incident
			kennedy sends 1500 paras
			invasion force repelled
			embarrassment for usa
		cuban missile crisis
			soviet nukes 90 mi. away
			unacceptable threat
			usa- cuba quarantine
			soviet ships turned around
			no missiles in turkey
			scariest moment in history
	cold war societies
		domestic containment
			kitchen debate
			mccarthy checks for spies
		women's roles
			men worked for family
			woman's place was home
			working women ashamed
			ideal was homemaking
			beauvier: second sex
			friedan: femenine mystique
			adopt language of marxism
			men imperialists at home
			'oppressed class'
		black nationalism
			reggae and bob marley
			garvey and return to africa
			kwame nkrumah of ghana
		civil rights movement
			segregation in south
			impediments to voting
			brown vs. board
			rosa parks bus incident
			montgomery bus boycott
			king used gandhi method
		cold war consumerism
			usa race issue looks bad
			ussr worse materially
			cars, movies, records usa
			stores, appliances usa
			science, education both
			5m - 44m cars europe
		space race
			parity here
			sputnik launch space age
			gagarin orbits, nasa born
			explorer first us satellite
			john glenn orbits earth
			kennedy moon speech
			20/7/1969 moon landing
		peaceful coexistence
			stalin dies, denounced
			khrushchev visits usa
			anticapitalist propaganda
			artists, novelists silenced
			reverse mccarthyism
		limits to liberalization
			budapest crackdown
			pasternak no nobel prize
superpowers challenged
	dissent in europe
		france under de gaulle
			europe '3rd force' idea
			france rejects nuke ban
			de gaulle dies, dream too
		tito's yugoslavia
			break with east bloc
			good relations non aligned
		de stalinization
			khrushchev destalinizes
			end of rule of terror
			partial liberalization
			removed stalin's name
			solzhenitsyn publishes
		hungarian challenge
			nagy leaves warsaw pact
			soviets crush uprising
			janos kadar installed
			nagy executed in secret
		prague spring
			socialism with human face
			alexander dubcek leads
			liberal communism alarms
			soviet army crushes
		brezhnev doctrine
			may invade east bloc
			no hostility to socialism!
	peoples republic china
		communists take over
			nationalist flee to taiwan
			chinese tradition changed
			chairman mao leads
			dissenters re-educated
		social transformations
			land redistributed
			collective farms
			women's rights given
		fraternal cooperation
			soviets lectured chinese
			common enemy a plus
		sino-soviet split
			soviet advisors help
			china-india issue (tibet)
			soviets declare neutrality
			chinese angered
			name calling time
	detente
		era of cooperation
			apollo-soyuz in space
			salt treaties
		demise of detente
			usa-china overtures
			russians in afghanistan
		us defeat in vietnam
			500k us troops in vietnam
			stalemate in struggles
			public disliked policy
			us leaves vietnam
			south vietnam defeated
		soviet afghan defeat
			soviets install marxist gov
			mujahideen warriors fight
			cia gave stinger missiles
			ussr 'unwinnable war'
			mujahideen civil war
			breaks up into tribes
			taliban unites islamic afg.
		counterculture
			dr strangelove parody
			berkeley sarbonne protest
			anti-vietnam, anti-arms
			global youth empowered
		rock n roll
			elvis: wild singing, dancing
			beatles: revolution
			stones: ode to street man
		watergate
			cambodia bombing leaked
			nixon taps his staff
			break in at dems hq
			warrior nixon disgraced
end of the cold war
	revolts in east bloc
		reconciliation problems
			nationalism over com.
			economics over politics
			socialism vision uninspired
		gorbechev's impact
			new soviet leader 1985
			brezhnev to sinatra doct.
			collapse of bloc regimes
		velvet revolutions
			polish solidarity movement
			lech walesa president
			bulg, hung
			czech velvet divorce
			ceausescu dies to go
			berlin wall torn down
			german reunification
	collapse of the ussr
		gorbachev's reforms
			obsolete soviet economy
			all guns no butter
			perestroika, glastnost
			baltic states independent
			remaining republics too
			rsfsr elects boris yeltsin
		collapse
			gorby's crimean vacation
			conspirators take charge
			yeltsin crushes coup
			enacts market reforms
			25/12/1991 last red day
	uncertain future
		uncertainty
			bipolar world was certain
			world order managable
			perceptions more sure
		future without divisions
			declining sense of purpose
			multipolarity confuses
39. END OF EMPIRE
independence in asia
	india partitioned
		self-rule in india
			churchill no fan of gandhi
			'never liquidate empire'
			churchill elected out
			labour dismantles empire
			can't bear financial burden
			muslims fear minority stat.
			great calcutta killing
		partition and violence
			only solution is pakistan
			sickened gandhi, nehru
			10m 'ethnically' cleansed
			1m dead in violence
		india-pakistan conflict
			gandhi killed by muslims
			war over kashmir claim
		fate of british empire
			sealed by exit of india
			india 47, pakistan 47
			sri lanka 48, burma 48
			malaysia 63, singpore 65
			stable sovereignty transfer
			commonwealth status
		nonalignment
			nehru's nonalignment
			bandung conference
	struggle in vietnam
		during ww2
			jp takes vietnam from fr
			ho chi min fights jp out
			delcares indpenedence
		after ww2
			humiliated fr takes back vt
			guerrilla war kicks fr out
		geneva conference
			divided north and south
			us helps south viet gov't
		cold war stalemate
			lbj sends ground forces
			quagmire, time no good
	arabs and israel
		arab independence
			british let colonies go
			mandates let go too
		palestine
			little place, big problem
			balfour dec. jew homelnd
			would be in palestine
			jews move to palestine
			postwar pan-arab nat.
		holocaust
			jews demand state
			state to protect jews
		creation of israel
			british turn region to un
			un divides into two states
			arab-jewish war 1947
			jews' stunning victory
			israeli flag hoisted 1948
			pales. refugees symbolic
		arab nationalism, egypt
			nasser opposes israel
			militaristic state reforms
			muslim brohood suppress
			king farouk deposed
			nasser is pm, full control
			got aid from us and ussr
			nasser aids algerians vs fr
			abolished british suez use
		suez crisis
			nasser reputation: big man
			br, fr, is take canal
			usa condemns
	decolonized africa
		forcing the french out
			fr tough, like in vietnam
			2m french in algeria
			1960 'year of africa'
			all let go but algeria
		war in algeria
			nat lib front kills whites
			algerians of france kill alg
			civilians killed in crossfire
			100k dead alg, 5k dead fr
			algeria gains indpendence
		frantz fanon
			violent revolution good
			the wretched of the earth
	african nationalism
		black nationalism
			negritude- blackness
			dress, traditions magnified
		african indpendence
			'blacks incapable of gov't'
			what about white settlers?
			ghana adopts old name
			everywhere by 1975
	freedom and conflict
		ghana
			twin portriats: queen, lead
			newfound equality
		rebellion in kenya
			white settlers attacked
			jomo kenyatta jailed
			kikuyu revolt suppressed
			british take side of rebels
			kenya independent 1963
after empire
	communism in asia
		mao's china
			great leap forward
			collectivize all lands
			private property abolish'd
			agri failure: sparrows
			insects eat more grain
			20m chinese starve
		cultural revolution
			humiliation of intellectuals
			red guard zealots punish
			roasted education system
		deng xiaoping thaws
			china enters int'l economy
			usa-china trade up
			foreign capital accepted
			students at foreign univ.
		tiananmen square
			students demonstrate
			deng puts down hard
			world opinion hostile
	democracy in asia
		indian democracy
			free elections since nehru
			indira gandhi woman pm
			green agri revolution
			birth control: 8m sterilized
			gandhi voted out of office
			she's back 1980, unstable
			ethnic conflict
		gandhi assassinated
			she orders sikhs attacked
			sikh bodygards kill her
			rajiv gandhi replaces her
			offers reconcilliation
			killed by terrorist in 1991
	islamic resurgence
		muslim revival
			many military dictatorships
			fundamentalism stewing
		arab-israeli wars
			arab-israeli war 1967
			yom kippur war 1973
			sadat engineered war
			sadat brokered peace
			sadat assassinated for it
			plo, arabs isolate egypt
			arafat-rabin peace woes
			israel's 'right to exist'
		islamism's goals
			islamic values in politics
			west out of islamic lands
			islamic identity, power
			jihad ok vs. israel, west
		iranian revolution
			the shah installed by cia
			oil builds country up
			iran anticommunist force
			shah flees, khomeni rules
			shah in usa hospital
			retaliation: 69 hostages
			usa bases shut, taken
		iraq and saddam hussein
			hussein pan-arabist
			oil wealth feeds military
		iran-iraq war
			1m killed, both beaten
		iranian troubles
			little dissent allowed
			islamism relaxed in 90s
			islamism back in 2000s
			ahmadinejad, khamenei
			nuclear ambitions, israel
		iraqi troubles
			hussein attacks kuwait
			usa repells iraq- gulf war
			post 9/11 usa strike
			hussein killed, anti-usa
	politics in latin america
		mexico
			pemex nat oil company
			strained democracy
		argentina
			cycles of military rule
		juan peron
			economic nationalism
		evita
			eva peron poor class
			helps downtrodden
			national symb: santa evita
		military dictators
			peron out, new dictators
			dth squads vs. subversives
		guatemala, nicuragua
			cia involvement
			sandinista marxists
		reagan and latin america
			embargo on sandinistas
			military aid to contras
			congress bans aid
			reagan sells iran weapons
			uses $ to help contras
		search for econ equality
			banana republics
			all export, no developmt
			dependency theory used
			center-periphery termed
			'legacy of colonialism'
	sub saharan africa
		tribe, ethnic problems
			no unity after colonialism
			military leaders, coups
			low capital, much poverty
		aftermath of freedom
			artificial boundaries
			one party rule
			pure power politics
			nkrumah statues crushed
		south africa
			blacks struggle vs whites
			'internal colonialism'
		apartheid
			whites resist majority rule
			black population rises
			blacks get wealthier
			afrikaner nat. party
			apartheid 'apartness' laws
			white supremacy official
			white-coloured-bantu
		african national congress
			freedom charter 1955
			south africa independent
			challenges to white rule
			resistance, terrorism
			anc leaders jailed
		economic sanctions
			un members call for them
			black-consciousness up
			anti-apartheid boycott
		end of apartheid
			mandela and de klerk
			majority rule opened 1994
			south africa 'free at last'
			thabo mbeki succeeds
			'most stable in africa'
		the congo
			mobutu kills opponents
			rules 37 horrible years
			'vampire elite' rich
			replacement killed
			civil war for decades
		developing economies
			africa >10% world pop.
			africa <1% world econ.
			population skyrocketing
			resources stagnant
			economic solution sought
40. NO BORDERS
the global economy
	economic globalization
		free trade
			imf fund, bretton woods
			freedom from tariffs
			gatt- gen agree tariffs trade
			wto- world trade org
		global corporations
			not bound to a location
			no foreign environment law
			go where wage is lowest
			outsourcing of jobs
	econ growth in asia
		jpan
			marshall plan
			access to us market
			jpan can't spend on def!
			50s inexpensive goods
			60s autos, tvs, radios
			70s tech intensive, lcd
			80s video, comps, chips
			90s inspiring, but slump
		little tigers
			hong k, sing, korea, taiwan
			capital short, overpop
			undercut jpan
		new tigers
			malaysia, indonesia, thai
		rise of china
			1992 socialist market econ.
			foreign invest., technology
			2001 wto member, best
		trouble in asia
			1997 fall of baht (thai)
			rus, jp all falter, back
			china poised to pass usa
	trading blocs
		european union
			1957 treaty of rome- eec
			free trade zone, europarl
			1993 maastricht treaty- eu
			econ. pol. union
			sovereignty in question
		OPEC
			org petrol exp countries
			embargo vs. usa in 1973
			middle east, africa hurt too
		ASEAN
			southeast asian nations
			anticommunist, now econ.
		NAFTA
			usa, canada, mexico
			plans to expand
		criticisms
			'reward few, punish many'
			sovereignty to imf, wto
			environmental problems
			homogenization of cultures
cross cultural exchanges
	global barbie
		sara vs. barbie in iran
			barbie has bad values
			sara covered in islamic way
			barbie a trojan horse
		licca vs. barbie in jpan
			girls like licca's eyes better
			barbie's smile too toothy
	consumption, culture
		wants, not needs
			self-expression?
			mcdonaldization?
			americanization?
			coca-cola, pepsi, pizza
			globofirms brag about local
			"rolex swiss" "armani italy"
		pan american culture
			evita popular everywhere
			culture sharing, spanglish
	age of access
		english language
			ruling internet language
			world's second language
			china wangguan net wall
			successor to the great wall?
		technology adaptations
			mobutu walks on clouds
			state controlled tv, web
global problems
	population
		population bomb
			9 billion in 2050
			all in less developed world
			migration pressures
		planet's carrying capacity
			is there a limit to growth?
			was malthus right?
		environmental impact
			people take animal habitats
			people take plant habitats
			biodiversity extinction
			silent spring rachel carson
		population control
			charges of racism
			china one child policy
			starvation occurs
	inequalities, labor
		poverty
			lack of basic necessities
			malnutrition high
			birthrates high
			blamed on colonial legacy
		servitude
			slavery banned arabia 60
			'bonded labor' common
		child labor
			250m children work
			family businesses, sex trade
		trafficking
			modern slavery
			rape, torture, starvation
			women victims of false ads
			parents sell teen girls
	globodiseases
		HIV / AIDS
			from africa 1970s
			homosexual men 1980s
			heterosexuals 1990s-on
		aids in africa
			25m people have it
			many refuse condoms
	globoterrorism
		defining terrorism
			use of violence vs civilians
			mobile, loose associations
		11 september
			new york, wash dc attack
			al qaeda 'the base'
			war w bin laden, 'terrorism'
			'kill all americans'
			bush doct. preemptive strk
crossing boundaries
	feminist challenges
		women as workforce
			west, china: 50%
			africa, latin am: 20%
			islamic societies: 10%
			farm 70% africas food
		feminism
			birth control, abortion rights
			avoids 'biology is destiny'
			us civil right act 1964
		gender equality in china
			ussr, china max equality
			women hold up half the sky
		muslim lands
			90% were illiterate
		india
			dowries problematic
			"cooking accidents"
			54% female literacy
	migration
		internal migration
			rural-urban flows
		urbanizastion
			megacities
			slums, shantytowns, barrios
			ghettos, villas miserias
		external migration
			then: slave traders forced
			now: people come willingly
			now: 10m refugees
			now: 13m guest workers
			now: 12m illegals in usa
		migrant communities
			enriching food, vibrancy
			social stresses
		mass tourism
			cook 1st travel agency
			tourism largest industry
			reconstructed ethnicity